Each of these gets decided by a group that meets behind a closed door and doesn't explain its reasoning. The process is public, the data is public, and the thinking in the room is what the models try to reconstruct.
The NCAA tournament field
Twelve committee members pick and seed 76 teams over a week of closed sessions, for the men's and the women's tournaments.
The forecast shows the field three ways: the model's bracket, my own bracket, and yours. I've projected the field every year for sixteen years, and Bracket Matrix has graded every one.
The Pro Football Hall of Fame class
Twenty-five selectors cut a long nomination list down to a finalist slate, and a finalist needs 80 percent of the room to get in.
My model, HoFW, scores every player's career against the Hall members already in at the same position, so a guard is measured against guards and a receiver against receivers. It's tested against every real class since 2005.
The Academy Awards
About 10,000 Academy members vote, branch by branch for nominations and all together for the winners, on ballots nobody outside ever sees.
The model reads the season's precursor awards, the guilds most of all, and updates as each one is handed out. Its record comes from 30 past ceremonies it was never trained on.